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Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
''Zelman v. Simmons-Harris'', , was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court that tested the allowance of school vouchers in relation to the First Amendment's Establishment Clause.
A divided Court upheld an Ohio school voucher plan.
==Facts==
The public schools in many of the poorer parts of Cleveland were deemed failures, and the legislature enacted the Pilot Project Scholarship Program in an effort to address the problem.〔''Zelman'', 536 U.S. at 644-45.〕 Ohio had been running the "Pilot Project Scholarship Program" which allowed parents of students in the Cleveland School District since the 1996-1997 School year to use public money to pay for tuition at private schools, including religious schools.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://atheism.about.com/library/decisions/religion/bl_l_ZelmanSimmons.htm )〕The program provided tuition vouchers for up to $2,250 a year to some parents of students in the Cleveland City School District to attend participating public or private schools in the city and neighboring suburbs; it also allocated tutorial aid for students who remained in public school.
The vouchers were distributed to parents according to financial need, and the parents chose where to enroll their children. Because the number of students applying to the program greatly exceeded the number of vouchers available, recipients were chosen by lottery from among the eligible families. In the 1999–2000 school year, 82 percent of the participating private schools had a religious affiliation; none of the adjacent suburban public schools joined the program; and 96 percent of the students receiving vouchers were enrolled in religiously affiliated schools and 60 percent were from low-income families, at or below the poverty line. Participating schools are not permitted to discriminate on the basis of race, religion, or ethnic background. They are also not allowed to "advocate or foster unlawful behavior or teach hatred of any person or group on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion.〔 A group of Ohio taxpayers then filed an action against the program pleading violation of the Establishment Clause
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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